VMFS Version 6 provides access for ESXi 6.5 and later hosts

Starting in vSphere 6.7, DRS uses a new two-pass algorithm to allocate resource reservations to its children. In the second pass, excess pool reservation is allocated proportionally, limited by the virtual machine’s configured size.

Distributed virtual switches can do both inbound and outbound traffic shaping, whereas standard virtual switches handle just outbound traffic shaping.

If a vCenter service fails, VMware Service Lifecycle Manager restarts it. VMware Service Lifecycle Manager is a service running in vCenter server.

The following are the VAAI primitives for NAS: Full File Clone, Fast File Clone/Native Snapshot Support, Extended Statistics, and Reserve Space.

Protocol endpoints (PEs) are logical I/O proxies, used for communication with virtual volumes and the virtual disk files.

Ruby vSphere Console (RVC) is a command-line interface used for managing and troubleshooting vSAN. RVC provides a cluster-wide view and is included with the vCenter Server deployment.

If you choose RAID 5/6 and PFTT=2 for a 100 GB virtual disk, the required capacity is 150 GB, and the usable capacity is 67%.

When the VMware NMP receives an I/O request, its calls the appropriate PSP, the PSP selects an appropriate physical path, and the NMP issues the I/O request.

An orange icon indicates that the status of the device has changed, and you must reboot the host before you can use the device.

The following NIC teaming options are available on vSS and vDS: Route Based on Originating Virtual Port, Route Based on IP Hash, Route Based on Source MAC Hash, and Use Explicit Failover Order.

If the host acceptance level is VMwareAccepted, you cannot install VIBs at the PartnerSupported level.

The Certificate Management page shows the certificate types in the VMware Endpoint Certificate Service (VECS). By default, the types are machine SSL certificates and trusted root certificates.

The available services for a custom stack are Management, vMotion, IP-based storage, Provisioning, Fault Tolerance logging, vSphere Replication, vSphere Replication NFC, and vSAN.

For PDL and APD failures, you can set VMCP to either issue event alerts or to power off and restart virtual machines. For APD failures only, you can additionally control the restart policy for virtual machines by setting it to Conservative or Aggressive.

You can change the required length, change the character class requirement, and allow passphrases by using the Security.PasswordQualityControl advanced option.

VASA storage providers are software components that integrate with vSphere to provide information about the physical storage capabilities.

Single Root I/O Virtualization (SR-IOV) is a feature that allows a single Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCIe) device to appear as multiple devices. It is useful for supporting an application in a guest OS that is sensitive to network latency. SR-IOV-enabled devices provide virtual functions (VFs) to the hypervisor or guest operating system.

A vSphere pod requires ephemeral storage to store Kubernetes objects, such as logs, emptyDir volumes, and ConfigMaps.

In vSphere 7.0, the default settings for a distributed port group are static binding, elastic port allocation, and eight ports.
https://docs.vmware.com/en/VMware-vSphere/7.0/com.vmware.vsphere.networking.doc/GUID-809743E1-F366-4454-9BA5-9C3FD8C56D32.html
https://docs.vmware.com/en/VMware-vSphere/7.0/com.vmware.vsphere.networking.doc/GUID-FCA2AE5E-83D7-4FEE-8DFF-540BDB559363.html

A vDS supports up to 64 LAGs.

vSphere Fault Tolerance can accommodate symmetric multiprocessor (SMP) virtual machines with up to eight vCPUs.

The available vSAN storage policies include PFTT, SFTT, Data Locality, Failure Tolerance Method, Number of Disk Stripes per Object, Flash Read Cached Reservation, Force Provisioning, Object Space Reservation, Disable, Object Checksum, and IOPS Limit for Object.

When using the vSphere Client to manage the storage providers, you can select a storage provider and choose Synchronize Storage Providers, Rescan, Remove, or Refresh Certificate.

Intel EVC Mode Nehalem (Level L2) includes the Intel Penryn feature set and exposes additional CPU features, including SSE4.2 and POPCOUNT.

Symmetric Multiprocessing Fault Tolerance (SMP-FT) is supported when PFFT is set to 0 and Data Locality is set to Preferred or Secondary.

After configuring NetFlow on a vDS, you can configure monitoring policies on vDS port groups and ports.

At the distributed port level, you can override policies applied to the distributed port group and apply unique policies to a distributed port.

To join vCenter Server systems in Enhanced Linked Mode, you need to connect them to the same SSO domain.

Set Define Host Failover Capacity By to Dedicated Failover Hosts to designate hosts to use for failover actions.

When marking traffic, you can create a rule to configure qualifiers to identify the data to be tagged and set Action to Tag.

To perform certificate management for ESXi, you must have the Certificates.Manage Certificates privilege.

Thick eager zeroed is the slowest method for virtual disk creation, but it is the best for guest performance.

With DirectPath I/O in a vSphere 7.0 environment, a virtual machine can be part of a cluster, but it cannot migrate across hosts.

When you enable traffic shaping for a standard switch or port group, you can configure the options Average Bandwidth, Peak Bandwidth, and Burst Size.

If the space used on datastore A is 82% and on datastore B is 79%, the difference is 3. If the threshold is 5, Storage DRS will not make migration recommendations from datastore A to datastore B.

: You can use the following command to run the Secure Boot validation script on an upgraded ESXi host: /usr/lib/vmware/secureboot/bin/secureBoot.py -c

MRU is the default path selection policy for most active/passive storage devices.

Resource pools are container objects in the vSphere inventory that are used to compartmentalize the CPU and memory resources of a host, a cluster, or a parent resource pool. You can delegate control over each resource pool to specific individuals and groups.

When the DRS migration threshold is set to Level 3, the default level, DRS expands on Level 2 by making recommendations to improve VM happiness and cluster load distribution.

Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) support was introduced with ESX 3.x. CDP is available for standard switches and distributed switches that are connected to Cisco physical switches. Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) is supported in vSphere 5.0 and later for vDS (5.0.0 and later), but not for vSS.

A VM storage policy for tag-based placement is helpful for storage arrays that do not support VASA and their storage characteristics are not visible to the vSphere client.

The medium virtual machine monitoring level sets Failure Interval to 60 seconds and Reset Period to 24 hours.

On a vSS, you can set the following network policies: Teaming and Failover, Security, Traffic Shaping, and VLAN.

The required vDS configuration for the virtual switch teaming policy health check is at least two active physical NICs and two hosts.

If you reserved 1.0 Gbps for virtual machine system traffic on a distributed switch with 8 uplinks, then the total aggregated bandwidth available for virtual machine reservation on the switch is 8.0 Gbps. Each network resource pool can reserve a portion of the 8 Gbps capacity.

In a vSphere environment, you cannot change the object, user, or user group in a permission, but you can change the role.

NPIV requires the use of virtual machines with RDMs. An RDM is a mapping file containing metadata that resides in a VMFS datastore.

Predictive DRS requires vCenter Server 6.5 or later, it must be enabled on both vCenter Server and vROps, and the vCenter Server and vROps clocks must be synchronized.

To configure a trust relationship between a KMS and vCenter, in the vSphere Client, select the vCenter Server, navigate to Configuration > Key Management Servers, and click Add.

NSX is commonly used with zero-trust security and multi-cloud networking.

VMware HCX is a workload mobility platform that simplifies application migration, workload rebalancing, and business continuity across on-premises data centers, private clouds, and hybrid clouds.

To use Wake-on-LAN (WoL) with DPM, you must ensure that vMotion is configured, the vMotion NIC must supports WoL, and the physical switch port must be set to automatically negotiate the link speed.

Horizon includes instant clones, which together with VMware Dynamic Environment Manager and VMware App Volumes dynamically provides just-in-time (JIT) delivery of user profile data and applications to stateless desktops.

Other than an optional folder to contain data centers, you cannot create any object in the inventory until you create a data center

To configure replication, in the vSphere Client, navigate to Home > Site Recovery > Open Site Recovery.

VMware HCX is a workload mobility platform that simplifies application migration, workload rebalancing, and business continuity across on-premises data centers, private clouds, and hybrid clouds.

vRealize Log Insight (vRLI) is commonly used to decrease time and effort spent on root cause analysis and centralized log management and analysis.

If you choose to transfer configuration, historical, and performance data, you can transfer the configuration data during the upgrade and transfer the remaining data in the background following the upgrade. The option to transfer data in the background following an upgrade is applicable only to scenarios where the source vCenter Server uses an external database.

In vCenter Server 7.0, the system roles include read-only, administrator, no access, no cryptography administrator, trusted infrastructure administrator, and no trusted infrastructure administrator.

To migrate a virtual machine with Storage vMotion, the user must have the Resource.Migrate Powered On Virtual Machine on the virtual machine or folder and Datastore.Allocate Space on the destination datastore.

The file named -flat.vmdk is the virtual machine data disk file. It is commonly called the flat file. ..vmdk is the virtual machine data disk file.

VMware Horizon is commonly used for remote users, kiosk and task users, and call centers.

vCenter Server supports these certificate modes for ESXi: VMware Certificate Authority, Custom Certificate Authority, and Thumbprint Mode.

If the primary host detects datastore heartbeats for a secondary host but no network heartbeats or ping responses, it assumes that the secondary host is isolated or in a network partition.