In this situation, the risk has triggered and it has not yet occurred. So option A is ruled out. Option B is also ruled out here, as in this scenario the risk has triggered for natural calamity. Option C is close but, the question states that Project schedule will get impacted, if such risk occurs, so in this kind of scenario, the review of Risk Management Plan may not be the ideal choice. By considering elimination rule, D becomes the best answer because the question has keywords like “hurricane alert”. Further, the project manager has to do a comprehensive identification considering a broad range of sources of risk to ensure that as many uncertainties as possible that might affect project objectives have been identified, as well as Identify Risks process should take input from a range of project stakeholders to ensure that all perspectives are represented and considered. By this way the Project Manager can identify all risks that also includes this hurricane risk and accept actively and assign contingency plan with trigger conditions. The plan can be updated because all risk processes are iterative. So among all options provided, D is the best answer.
(PMBOK Guide) – Sixth Edition, Project Management Institute Inc., 2017, Page(s) – 445.

The Question states that the Project Manager is involved in Monitor Stakeholder Engagement process. He needs to assess whether the distribution of Project Communications is in line to the Project Management Plan (i.e. Communication Management Plan and Stakeholder Engagement Plan in this scenario). Though A and C are input to the Monitor Stakeholder Engagement process, but it cannot give all information. Option D is ruled out because Stakeholder Engagement Assessment Matrix is a tool for assessing Stakeholder engagement. Project Communications( Output of Manage Communications process) is a valid input for Monitor Stakeholder Engagement process. Project communications include all project level communications that has been distributed to all stakeholders as defined in the Communication Management Plan and Stakeholder Engagement Plan. So, considering all options, C is the best answer.
(PMBOK Guide) – Sixth Edition, Project Management Institute Inc., 2017, Page(s) – 532.

The question states that the project manager is trying to determine the final dates on which the project milestones has been accomplished so far. For this, the Milestone list needs to be reviewed which is also a valid input for the Closing process.
(PMBOK Guide) – Sixth Edition, Project Management Institute Inc., 2017, Page(s) – 124,186.

Working Software is the primary measure of progress is one of the twelve Agile Principles.
Agile Practice Guide – Project Management Institute Inc., 2017, Page(s) – 98.

Lessons Learned register is updated as key output for Close Project or Phase process. It includes final information on phase or project closure. The accuracy of the business case is also documented in Lessons Learned Register as a part of the process.
(PMBOK Guide) – Sixth Edition, Project Management Institute Inc., 2017, Page(s) – 127.

As the scenario states, the Project Management team is involved in planning. Market research, also a tool for Plan Procurement Management process includes examination of industry and specific seller capabilities.
(PMBOK Guide) – Sixth Edition, Project Management Institute Inc., 2017, Page(s) – 473.

Availability of budget and time is a key factor that determines the need for the Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis process. A small project with a limited budget may decide to do away with this process if the project management team decides that quantitative statements about risk and impacts are not needed.
(PMBOK Guide) – Sixth Edition, Project Management Institute Inc., 2017, Page(s) – 429.

Cost estimates, which is the main output for the Estimate Costs process generally include management reserve to cover unplanned work.
(PMBOK Guide) – Sixth Edition, Project Management Institute Inc., 2017, Page(s) – 246.

Risk reassessment is performed as part of the Monitor Risks process. Such project risk reassessments should be regularly scheduled and may result in the closure of outdated risks.
(PMBOK Guide) – Sixth Edition, Project Management Institute Inc., 2017, Page(s) – 457.
(The Standard for Risk Management in Portfolios, Programs, and Projects) – Project Management Institute Inc., 2019, Page(s) – 149.

A change request must be submitted to update any baseline or the project management plan. Project documents may or not be placed under configuration control depending on the standards outlined in the configuration management plan.
(PMBOK Guide) – Sixth Edition, Project Management Institute Inc., 2017, Page(s) – 41, 701.

Interviews, an example of a data gathering technique of the Develop Project Charter process, can be used to obtain information on high-level requirements, assumptions or constraints, approval criteria and other information from stakeholders by talking to them directly. Although, the question never stated that you have already started the development of the project charter, in this situation, since you know nearly nothing about the project, to better understand the essence of the project, interviewing the director of new business development is the best course of action among all the given choices.

The situation states that the Project has entered closing stage and the Final Report is ready. Final report contains the summary of the project performance which should be shared according to what is stated in the Communication Management Plan. This information has been clearly stated in Performance Domain V: Closing – Task 4 of PMBOK outline, that states “Prepare and share the final project report according to the communication management plan in order to document and convey project performance and assist in project evaluation”.
Please see – Performance Domain V: Closing – Task 4
(PMBOK Guide) – Sixth Edition, Project Management Institute Inc., 2017, Page(s) – 127.

Whenever a new member joins the project, the first thing the project manager should do is to add him in Stakeholder Register, there by formally introducing him in the project stakeholder community. Post introduction, all his request can be analyzed or taken care.
(PMBOK Guide) – Sixth Edition, Project Management Institute Inc., 2017, Page(s) – 505.

Option A and Option D are not true, as the Project Manager has to review the contract to take a decision. In case of materialistic loss due natural disaster or fire, Force majeure clause of the contract should be consulted. The clause states in case of “act of nature” situations such as fire, storm, neither parties are judged faulty. In general, it is resolved by seller receiving extension of time on the project. But in this question, seller is asking the buyer to share the cost of loss. So, in this situation, the Project Manager needs to review the “Risk of loss” clause too along with Force majeure clause. Risk of loss clause allocates the risk between the parties to a contract in the event of loss of goods and services during performance of the contract. So, among all options provided, option C is the best answer.
Rita Mulcahy 9th edition, RMC Publications, Inc.,2018, Page -531.

The scenario states that project team is doing RCA for identifying the reasons in relation to poor stakeholder engagement. RCA is a data analysis technique. In few occasions as stated in the above scenario, findings of RCA can be represented using Fishbone diagrams, also known as Why-Why diagram or Cause and Effect diagrams. This type of diagram breaks down the causes of the problem statement identified into discrete branches, helping to identify the main or root cause of the problem.
(PMBOK Guide) – Sixth Edition, Project Management Institute Inc., 2017, Page(s) – 293 ,533.

The situation states that the project manager is planning to do audit which is part of Manage Quality process. Here, OPA, which is also an input for Manage Quality process, needs to be referred as results from previous audits are stored in OPA.
(PMBOK Guide) – Sixth Edition, Project Management Institute Inc., 2017, Page(s) – 291.

Establishment of proper guidelines periodically for handling toxic materials is a mandatory legal need which every manufacturer need to follow.
(PMBOK Guide) – Sixth Edition, Project Management Institute Inc., 2017, Page(s) – 78.

A risk can get discovered at any point of time in the project, and all identified risks can be recorded to Risk Register throughout the life cycle of the project, as the process is iterative. B is not correct, because in this situation Risk has been identified, risk has not occurred. C is incorrect, as per PMI ethics it’s the responsibility of the project manager to address such situation at any point in in the project Life cycle. D is incorrect, as Risk management plan has no role here. Here, as per the question, new risk gets discovered during closing, so in this case, the Risk Register should be updated, with information in relation to new risk. Therefore, among all options provided A is the best answer.

The question states that the newly joined Project Manager has been involved in the preparation of the project charter of the company’s upcoming internal project. Here, all options are input to the Develop Project Charter process. But the question asked “for the review” of Market conditions and industry standards, which are examples of External Enterprise Environmental factors, because they are outside the control of the Project Team. So among all options provided, C is the best answer.
(PMBOK Guide) – Sixth Edition, Project Management Institute Inc., 2017, Page(s) – 39, 78.

Scope baseline is an input for Quality planning (Plan Quality Management Process), Cost budgeting (Determine Budget process), risk identification (Identify Risk process). So, options A, B, C are not right answers. Whereas Scope baseline is not an input for Planning Cost Management, and developing initial Cost Management Plan. It is later referred for cost estimation which is a part of Estimate Cost process and cost budgeting, part of Determine Budget process.
(PMBOK Guide) – Sixth Edition, Project Management Institute Inc., 2017, Page(s) – 235,248,277,409.

Cost-Benefit analysis is a financial analysis tool used to estimate the strengths and weaknesses of the alternatives, as automation in this case , in order to determine the best alternatives in terms of the benefits provided. It helps the Project Manager to determine if planned quality activities are cost-effective.
(PMBOK Guide) – Sixth Edition, Project Management Institute Inc., 2017, Page(s) – 282.

Team ground rules mean the expected behavior for project team members among one another during the course of the project. Setting ground rules, group norms can definitely reduce conflict, as team needs to follow specific guidelines.
(PMBOK Guide) – Sixth Edition, Project Management Institute Inc., 2017, Page(s) – 348.

Risk owners for individual project risks may be nominated in Identify risks process and confirmed in Perform Qualitative Risk analysis process. The process is performed throughout the life cycle of the project, as defined in Risk Management Plan. Often in project with adaptive development approach, its being conducted before the iteration begins.
(PMBOK Guide) – Sixth Edition, Project Management Institute Inc., 2017, Page(s) – 411, 421.

Phase gate is held at the end of a phase. During Phase Gate, the project performance and progress are compared to project and business documents that include: – Business Case, Benefit Management Plan, Project Charter, Project Management Plan. So, among all the options provided, Procurement Documentation is the correct choice.
(PMBOK Guide) – Sixth Edition, Project Management Institute Inc., 2017, Page(s) – 21.

The disposition of all the Change Requests are recorded in Change Log as a project document update. Since the details of all approved, deferred, and rejected change requests are stored in change log, Project Manager should review the change log first. Option A and Option D are also good options, but those should be considered after reviewing the Change log. So, among all options provided, C is the best answer.
(PMBOK Guide) – Sixth Edition, Project Management Institute Inc., 2017, Page(s) – 120.

As per the above scenario detailed planning is available for project work that need to be executed in near term. This can be assumed because the Project team used Bottom-up estimation technique, which can only be done when work breakdown structure components are decomposed into more detail. Question also states for all future releases only planning packages are planned (Hint: The statement in the question “work breakdown structure components above the work package level with known work content but without detailed schedule activities” signifies the definition of planning packages). This confirms Project has used Rolling Wave Planning technique. As per definition, Rolling wave planning is an iterative planning process which will allow near-term activities to be planned in detail while leaving activities further out planned at a higher level. So among all options provided D is the best answer.
(PMBOK Guide) – Sixth Edition, Project Management Institute Inc., 2017, Page(s) – 160,185, 721.

The Schedule data for the project schedule model is the collection of information for describing and controlling the schedule. It contains resource requirements by time periods, often displayed in the form of a resource histogram. It also contains alternative schedules like Best-Case or Worst-Case scenarios. As per the question stated above, best thing the project manager can do is reviewing the Schedule Data.
(PMBOK Guide) – Sixth Edition, Project Management Institute Inc., 2017, Page(s) – 220.

As per given scenario, experts are involved in Benchmarking while doing planning. Benchmarking is a data gathering tool used in quality planning and requirement gathering. It involves comparing actual or planned products, processes, and practices to those of comparable organizations to identify best practices, generate ideas for improvement, and provide a basis for measuring performance.
(PMBOK Guide) – Sixth Edition, Project Management Institute Inc., 2017, Page(s) – 143.

Tasks on Critical path should be addressed first, else it may impact the project schedule. Here, of all choices provided, C is the most reasonable choice.
(PMBOK Guide) – Sixth Edition, Project Management Institute Inc., 2017, Page(s) – 210.

The Quality Management Plan, the component of Project Management Plan determines Project deliverables and processes subject to quality review. Among all the given choices, since the option Quality Management Plan is not there, Selection of option D i.e. Project Management Plan is the best choice.
(PMBOK Guide) – Sixth Edition, Project Management Institute Inc., 2017, Page(s) – 286.
*** Expect these kind of questions in exam.***

Few may get confused with OPA, but OPA is an input, not tools or techniques. Historical information review, a technique used in Budget determination can assist in developing parametric or analogous estimates. It may include project characteristics(parameters) to develop mathematical model to predict total project costs.
(PMBOK Guide) – Sixth Edition, Project Management Institute Inc., 2017, Page(s) – 253.

Sunk cost, means Cost that is incurred cannot be recovered, So D is not correct. C is an example of Cost of Non-conformance, but question talks about Cost of Conformance, so C is also incorrect. A and B are examples of Cost of Conformance, but the question states that “the training is required for technical team to build a quality product”, but appraisal costs help to assess the quality, So A is also not correct. Preventive cost is a classic example for Cost of Conformance and it helps to build a quality product. The examples for Preventive costs include, training, document process, equipment, Time to do it right. So, among all options provided B is the right answer.
(PMBOK Guide) – Sixth Edition, Project Management Institute Inc., 2017, Page(s) – 283.

The scenario states that the Acquire Resources process is getting performed and the project management team is engaged in reviewing resource and procurement management plan, so that resources can be on boarded to complete the project work. Both Resource Management Plan and Procurement Management plans are input to the Acquire Resources process, which is being reviewed in this scenario.
(PMBOK Guide) – Sixth Edition, Project Management Institute Inc., 2017, Page(s) – 328- 330.

The situation states that the experts have gathered to determine the areas of maximum uncertainty over all project objectives, which means, Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis is being performed here. Influence diagram is an example of Risk Diagramming technique that’s been used as a tool in the Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis process to address similar situations as stated above. Influence diagrams are graphical aids to decision making under uncertainty. It represents project or situations within a project as a set of entities, outcomes, and influences, together with relationships and effects between them.
(PMBOK Guide) – Sixth Edition, Project Management Institute Inc., 2017, Page(s) – 436. 

The exploit strategy may be selected for high priority opportunities where the organization wants to ensure that the opportunity is realized. In the question, as per the scenario, by moving the work package to a date when the more experienced resource is available, thereby increasing the probability of occurrence to 100 percent, is an example for Exploit strategy.
(PMBOK Guide) – Sixth Edition, Project Management Institute Inc., 2017, Page(s) – 444.

Control limits represent the performing organizations standards for quality, while specification limits represent customer’s expectations or the contractual requirements for the performance or the quality on the project. In general, most of the projects keep Control limits lower than customer specified limits for meeting customer need. As per the question, the process is stable as per quality standard of the performing organization. But it’s not acceptable from customer point of expectations. So among all options provided, C is the best answer.
(PMBOK Guide) – Sixth Edition, Project Management Institute Inc., 2017, Page(s) – 304.

As per the question, the project team is involved in Plan Stakeholder Engagement process, and all 4 options are input to the process. But, it’s the Resource Management Plan, which may contain information regarding roles and responsibilities of the team members and other stakeholders listed in the stakeholder register.
(PMBOK Guide) – Sixth Edition, Project Management Institute Inc., 2017, Page(s) – 518.

The scenario suggests that the Project Manager has involved an external auditor to review the causes of defects found in last Customer inspection. The auditor in this case conducted the Manage Quality process and used a tool for graphical representation of defects per deliverable. Histogram is the tool used for Manage Quality process for graphical representation of numeric data. It can show number of defects per deliverable, and the number of times each process became non-compliant. So among all options provided A is the best answer.
(PMBOK Guide) – Sixth Edition, Project Management Institute Inc., 2017, Page(s) – 293, 304.

As per the scenario stated above, the project manager applied Forcing approach to resolve conflicts in a quick frame of time. Forcing is the conflict resolution technique that involves pushing one’s viewpoint at the expense of others and mostly offers only win-lose solutions. In general, positional power is used to apply such strategy. So, among all options provided B is the best answer.
(PMBOK Guide) – Sixth Edition, Project Management Institute Inc., 2017, Page(s) – 349.

As per the stated scenario, the Project Team, here, is applying Communications styles assessment technique which is a common Interpersonal and Team Skills technique used during planning communications. A, B, D are incorrect, because the Communications Styles Assessment techniques are not used in these processes. So, among all options provided, C is the best answer.
(PMBOK Guide) – Sixth Edition, Project Management Institute Inc., 2017, Page(s) – 375.

The question states that the project is ready to move to operation (Business Realization phase) which implies that the project manager should start the closure procedure. Since the company got merged in recent past, most likely there should be few changes in company’s OPA.  On top of it, OPA is an input for Close Project/phase process which contain project closure guidelines or requirements. Organization Process Assets include the corporate policies and procedures which the project manager should follow for formal project closure.
(PMBOK Guide) – Sixth Edition, Project Management Institute Inc., 2017, Page(s)- 126.

Here in this scenario, the project team is involved in Perform Integrated Change Control process of which Work Performance Report is an input. Work Performance Report include resource availability, schedule and cost data, earned value reports, and Burn-up or Burn-down charts.
(PMBOK Guide) – Sixth Edition, Project Management Institute Inc., 2017, Page(s)- 116.

The Project Scope Statement includes Project Scope, major deliverables, acceptance criteria and Project exclusions. As per the question, Project team is engaged in Scope baseline approval meeting, where stakeholders discovered that some out of scope requirements have been added in the Project scope. So, among all options given above, C is the best answer.
(PMBOK Guide) – Sixth Edition, Project Management Institute Inc., 2017, Page(s)- 154.

BAC or PMB is the approved project budget that has been baselined during planning. So A and D are incorrect answers. ETC gives an approximate idea of how much money will be required to complete the remaining balance of work. So C is incorrect. The estimated project budget is your latest cost estimate or forecast , represented by EAC (Estimate At Completion). So, B is the correct answer. 
(PMBOK Guide) – Sixth Edition, Project Management Institute Inc., 2017, Page(s)- 264,265.

The question implies that the project team is trying to get rid of a possible threat by changing the Project Management Plan, which is an example of Risk avoidance. People may get confused between option A and B. But option A looks a better answer. Further, option B talks about a known risk, which is not correct. A risk can be Known-Unknown or Unknown-Unknown. So, among all options provided A is the best answer.
(PMBOK Guide) – Sixth Edition, Project Management Institute Inc., 2017, Page(s)- 443.

Smoothing, also known as accommodating, emphasizes areas of agreement rather than areas of difference. Here the Project Manager applied the smoothing technique.
(PMBOK Guide) – Sixth Edition, Project Management Institute Inc., 2017, Page(s)-  349.

This is a classic example of tricky Closing question where hint is there in the last line of question. The question talks about contract Closure not Project Closure. So, Option B and D are not correct since those are performed during Closing. Option A talks about Validate Scope process, where project deliverables are formally accepted, but that does not ensure closure of contract. Contract closure is part of Control Procurements process where seller is provided with a formal notice that Contract is complete. So, among all the provided options, option C can be the best answer.
(PMBOK Guide) – Sixth Edition, Project Management Institute Inc., 2017, Page(s)-  499.

At this point, the project should have started, but has not. It is behind schedule, but no money has been spent yet. As a result, PV is positive but EV and AC are Zero. SV = EV – PV = – PV (Negative value of PV). CV = EV – AC = 0 SPI = EV/PV = 0/Value = 0. Some of these conditions are unusual. Normally, SPI would not equal CV, but in this case, both are equal to zero (ignoring the units of measure). Since, CV is zero, Option C is the correct answer.   
(PMBOK Guide) – Sixth Edition, Project Management Institute Inc., 2017, Page(s)-  499.

Answer – A. A secondary risk arises as a direct result of implementing a risk response. Here as the question states, Team has decided to implement a planned risk response of doing automated testing. (PMBOK Guide) – Sixth Edition, Project Management Institute Inc., 2017, Page(s)- 439.

The question here talks about CPFF contract, where seller has to provide the actual invoices for payment. In addition, they get a fixed fee as their profit amount.
(PMBOK Guide) – Sixth Edition, Project Management Institute Inc., 2017, Page(s)-  472.

The question states that the project manager has asked two team members to perform the Direct and Manage Project Work process. Of the options provided, project management information system (PMIS) is the only tool or technique listed. The change log and WBS are inputs to the process, while work performance data is an output. The tool, that actually team members are required to refer here is the Work Authorization system which is actually a sub-system of PMIS.
(PMBOK Guide) – Sixth Edition, Project Management Institute Inc., 2017, Page(s)-  95.

Political awareness helps the project manager to plan communications based on the Project environment as well as the organization’s political environment. Political awareness concerns the recognition of power relationships, both formal and informal, and also the willingness to operate within these structures.
(PMBOK Guide) – Sixth Edition, Project Management Institute Inc., 2017, Page(s)- 376.

The above situation suggests that risk response was planned but never implemented. Project team already considered the above situation during planning, made necessary resource replacement plan, if such situation triggers. But the new resource was never on-boarded. The common problem in risk management is that project teams may spend a lot of time and effort in identifying, analyzing, and documenting risks and risk responses, but then no action is taken to manage those risks.
  (PMBOK Guide) – Sixth Edition, Project Management Institute Inc., 2017, Page(s)- 449-450.

Prevention is keeping errors out of the process. Prevention over Inspection is the biggest slogan of Modern Quality Management.
(PMBOK Guide) – Sixth Edition, Project Management Institute Inc., 2017, Page(s) – 274.

The scenario states that the project manager used affinity diagram to organize and group the result of RCA.
(PMBOK Guide) – Sixth Edition, Project Management Institute Inc., 2017, Page(s) – 293.

The Project Manager should evaluate the other impacts of the project first. These include the impact on other project level constraints like scope, cost, quality, resource, etc. Once evaluated, CCB (if exists) can be notified to take a final decision of the Change Request.
(PMBOK Guide) – Sixth Edition, Project Management Institute Inc., 2017, Page(s) – 117.

The opportunity cost is the monetary value of the lost opportunity. In this case, since Project Y is not selected, the opportunity cost becomes $25000.
Refer :-PMP Exam Prep 9th edition 2018 – Rita Mulcahy.

A is wrong as agreement has little to do with change control process. B and C are output for Perform Integrated Change Control Process.  Work Performance Reports are valid input for the process, it contains reports related to resource requirements, schedule and cost data, earn value reports. So , among all options provided , D is the best answer.
(PMBOK Guide) – Sixth Edition, Project Management Institute Inc., 2017, Page(s) – 113, 16.

Variability risks can be addressed by using a simulation technique called Monte Carlo analysis which is performed as a part of Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis process.
(PMBOK Guide) – Sixth Edition, Project Management Institute Inc., 2017, Page(s) – 399, 433.

The question states that the Project has just entered the planning phase. So option D is incorrect as Physical resource assignments are created during execution. Assumption log records the assumption and constraints available at project level, so Option C is also incorrect. Resource Management plan determines how resources would be acquired, it does not contain information of available resources. Further, since the project is at early stage of planning, Resource Management plan may not be drafted yet. So, answer is B by following elimination technique. Project Charter contains Pre-approved financial resources. Sometimes, Physical and human resources are determined in advance, even before Resource Management plan is drafted. This is also called Pre-assignment. Pre-assignment include team members or physical resources already assigned during Develop Project Charter process. So, among all the options provided, B is the best answer.
(PMBOK Guide) – Sixth Edition, Project Management Institute Inc., 2017, Page(s) – 81,333.

The scenario in the question states that Project is in Execution, which mean baselines are already created. Once baselines are created, formal change requests are required to establish any changes in the project control documents.
(PMBOK Guide) – Sixth Edition, Project Management Institute Inc., 2017, Page(s) – 115.

Reserve analysis compares the amount of Contingency reserves remaining to the amount of risk remaining at any time in the project in order to determine if the remaining reserve is adequate.
(PMBOK Guide) – Sixth Edition, Project Management Institute Inc., 2017, Page(s) – 456.

The scenario over here states that the initial plan is no longer valid, so formula for EAC would be summation of actual costs incurred till date and the expected cost to finish the remaining work.   EAC = AC + ETC AC = 82% of the original budget = 1,000,000 * 82% = 820,000.
ETC = Half of the planned cost of the remaining work = $500,000/2 = $250,000 .
EAC = $820,000 + $250,000 = $1,070,000. 
(PMBOK Guide) – Sixth Edition, Project Management Institute Inc., 2017, Page(s) – 267.

Here the question talks about Task 8 of Domain 1, which states “Inform stakeholders of the approved project charter to ensure a common understanding of the key deliverables, milestones, and their roles and responsibilities.” The project charter includes high-level information, such as project objectives, milestones, and the roles and responsibilities of key stakeholders and its approval should be communicated to all the stakeholders before project planning starts. 
Please see – Process Domain I: Initiation – Task 9
(PMBOK Guide) – Sixth Edition, Project Management Institute Inc., 2017, Page(s) – 53,81

The question states that the project team is involved in Estimate Activity Resources process, where they are estimating the type and quantities of physical resources required to complete project work. Physical resources or team resources cannot be estimated at activity level, using three-point estimation.
(PMBOK Guide) – Sixth Edition, Project Management Institute Inc., 2017, Page(s) – 321.